Papers¶

Published and in-submission work using the ns3-ntn-toolkit. arXiv preprints will be linked once endorsed.

Paper 1 - SoftwareX: ns3-ntn-toolkit overview¶

Muhammad Uzair. ns3-ntn-toolkit: A Modular ns-3 Distribution for 6G Non-Terrestrial Network Research. SoftwareX (under review).

Covers all 14 modules, validation methodology, and integration patterns.

Paper 2 - IEEE TAES: TTE-aware CHO¶

Muhammad Uzair. Time-to-Exit-Aware Conditional Handover for LEO Non-Terrestrial Networks. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems (under review).

Introduces the TTE estimator integrated with location-based triggers. Shows reduced handover failures and ping-pong vs baseline location-only CHO.

Paper 3 - IEEE TNSM: Space O-RAN¶

Muhammad Uzair. A Space O-RAN Architecture for LEO Non-Terrestrial Networks: Near-RT RIC, xApps, and FlexRIC Bridge. IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management (under review).

Covers the Space O-RAN architecture: xApps on three RIC placements, E2SM-KPM and E2SM-RC, A1 policy distribution, and the FlexRIC bridge.

Paper 4 - IEEE TTST: Sub-THz NTN¶

Muhammad Uzair. Sub-THz Non-Terrestrial Networks: Atmospheric Physics, RIS, and ISAC. IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology (under review).

Covers the thz-ntn module: ITU-R P.676-13, P.618-13, P.838-3 and P.840, UM-MIMO, RIS quantisation, ISAC CRB.

Cite the toolkit¶

If your work uses any module:

@software{uzair_ns3_ntn_toolkit_2026,
  author       = {Muhammad Uzair},
  title        = {{ns3-ntn-toolkit: An open-source ns-3 distribution
                   for 6G non-terrestrial network research}},
  year         = {2026},
  url          = {https://github.com/Muhammaduazir69/ns3-ntn-toolkit},
  orcid        = {0009-0002-4104-2680}
}

See Cite for per-paper BibTeX entries (added when arXiv IDs are assigned).